Dysphagia lusoria refers to dysphagia caused by an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA), a rare congenital anomaly of the aortic arch. This article presents a clinical case of symptomatic ARSA, accompanied by a comprehensive review of its anatomical, clinical, and therapeutic aspects.
Chronic suppurative otitis media represents a major public health concern in both children and adults, particularly in developing countries. The condition poses not only a medical challenge requiring complex clinical management but also a public health issue with significant socioeconomic implications and costs.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting approximately 0.5% of the global population. It represents a major cause of disability, reduced quality of life, and healthcare burden. The prevalence of RA is rising, especially in older populations and in low-income regions.
Systemic rheumatoid vasculitis accounts for 1 to 5% of complications seen in rheumatoid arthritis, while autopsy studies report an average of 23% incidence. This enormous difference in numbers emphasizes the rate of misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis of systemic rheumatoid vasculitis. It mainly affects people with a median age of 65 years. It is particularly noteworthy, as systemic rheumatoid vasculitis has a high mortality and relapse rate. Also, the multifactorial aetiology: cytokines/immune cells and other particles determines clinical complexity of this type of angiitis
The therapeutic landscape of multiple sclerosis has undergone a remarkable transformation over the past two decades. The paradigm has shifted from reliance on moderate-efficacy, first-generation injectable therapies toward earlier adoption of high-efficacy disease-modifying treatments, particularly in relapsing forms of MS. This evolution reflects an increasing focus on early intensive treatment strategies aimed at preserving long-term neurological function and brain health.
This study investigates the relationship between immune dysregulation and perinatal mental disorders by analyzing clinical data and biomarker profiles in pregnant individuals with varying severity of psychiatric symptoms. Understanding these associations may support the development of early screening tools and targeted interventions to improve maternal and infant mental health outcomes.
Venous thromboembolism is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Pregnancy induces a hypercoagulable state as an adaptive mechanism to prevent hemorrhage during childbirth. These physiological changes significantly increase the risk of venous thromboembolism – by up to six-fold during pregnancy and up to 10-fold during the postpartum period compared to the non-pregnant population. Given these risks, proper identification of patients who may benefit from thromboprophylaxis is essential to improve maternal outcomes.
Micronutrient deficiencies during pregnancy remain a major global public health concern, with implications for maternal health, fetal development, and long-term child outcomes. International organizations such as the WHO and FIGO have issued evidence-based guidelines on micronutrient supplementation, which are increasingly being adapted into national protocols.
Injuries represent a major public health issue, causing approximately 16,000 deaths globally each day (10% of all deaths), which is 32% more than the combined total caused by malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS. Over the past 15 years, the WHO and regional initiatives have supported the piloting of trauma registries in low- and middle-income countries as essential tools for monitoring, planning, and prevention.
Research ethics and integrity are fundamental for safeguarding human participants and ensuring trustworthy scientific practices. Understanding researchers’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding ethical standards is important for all health researchers, but particularly relevant for early-career researchers. While several international instruments exist to evaluate specific aspects of research ethics, such as plagiarism, organizational climate, or responsible conduct of research, a multidimensional and contextually relevant tool is required.