Osteocalcin, a bone-derived hormone, has emerged as a potential regulator of energy metabolism, with roles in insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, and lipid metabolism. Although an inverse association between osteocalcin and body mass index has been previously reported, data on its link with metabolic parameters in young, otherwise healthy women with obesity remain limited.
Obesity is a metabolic disease that presents a real challenge for the medical system due to the significant increase in the number of obese people in recent decades. Currently, 38% of the global population is overweight or obese. Obesity is an important risk factor for multiple chronic pathologies and lung infections, especially pneumonia. For obese subjects, chronic proinflammatory status due to an excess of fat cells is characteristic